The human tongue may be the site of reactive and inflammatory processes like the. Disease outcome of infection ranges from inapparent, in the vast majority of infected animals, to fatal with severity dependent on factors related to agent, host, the environment and concomitant stress factors. Request pdf diseases of the tongue the tongue is a complex organ involved in speech and expression as well as in gustation, mastication, and deglutition. The oral cavity and the tongue are sites of neoplasms, reactive processes, and infections and may be a harbinger of systemic diseases. It is the principal organ that facilitates taste perception, it aids in the swallowing mechanism, and it is paramount for articulation. Oral hair presents as an asymptomatic black hair 0. Producers should minimize the number of people and vehicles that enter premises or require a sanitation and disinfectant plan to prevent spread of disease agents.
For out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaks. The eyes are closed because they are sensitive to the sun. Tongue diagnosis tongue diagnosis is part of diagnosis by looking in traditional chinese medicine tcm. Geographic tongue, fissured tongue, and hairy tongue are the most common tongue problems and do not require treatment. David and others published investigations for diseases of the tongue. Efficacy of the laser at low intensity on primary burning oral. In the tongue, depapillation of mucosa around the tip and lateral margins may occur with blanching or fibrosis of the ventral mucosa. Mar 26, 2019 tongue pain usually occurs due to an injury or infection. Common diseases and health problems in sheep and goats. Treatment of symptomatic geographic tongue with triamcinolone. It is kept moist by the products of the major and minor salivary glands, which aids the organ as it facilitates deglutition, speech, and gustatory perception. Problems with the tongue can have many different causes. However, the clinical sign of a blue tongue is often not present. Bluetongue aetiology epidemiology diagnosis prevention and control references aetiology classification of the causative agent virus family reoviridae, genus orbivirus with 22 recognised species in the genus.
Oral manifestations of systemic disease 24 general dentistry novemberdecember 2017 or absent, and the oral mucosa may be dry, red, and wrinkled. Glossitis and other tongue disorders dermatologic clinics. Geographic tongue or migratory glossitis is an inflammatory disorder with unknown etiology. Differential diagnosis of bilateral white lesions of the tongue in alphabetical order. Correcting a nutritional problem or changing your diet might help treat burning mouth syndrome. Tcm doctor looks at several attributes of tongue body. Geographic tongue oral and maxillofacial surgery department. Diseases caused by the virus and bacteria result in the difference in color.
Hard palate involvement includes extensively blanched mucosa. A 52yearold female patient with a lesion on the dorsum of the tongue, and a 53yearold male patient with the lesion on the lateral border of the tongue. It is moist, with a rough surface and has an evenly coloured pink surface overlaying pale red. Differential diagnosis of bluetongue in cattle and sheep. On the other hand, there are some diseases that exclusively or almost exclusively affect the tongue. The exact cause of burning mouth syndrome, which creates a burning sensation on the tongue and other areas of the mouth, isnt. The buccal mucosa, gingiva, and tongue are the preferred areas of hair growth. Many lesions and disorders of the oral cavity may affect the tongue as well. Tongue growths usually require biopsy to differentiate benign lesions. We paid an attention on the coating of the tongue knowing the sentence that the tongue is a mirror of the body. The tongue is a powerful muscle involved in the critical functions of speaking, chewing and swallowing. Severe, locally extensive, chronic granulomatous glossitis etiology. Ayurveda, unnai and siddha systems have refined methods of tongue diagnosis.
However, according to previous research, 38% of various populations have omd. Treatment for tongue diseases depends on the type of problem and its cause. Insufficient intake of liquid and nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, which can be caused by digestive disorders. Exercise based therapy for the treatment of dysphagia. Macroglossia genetic and rare diseases information center. If you bite your tongue, you may develop a sore that can last for days and be very painful. Recent studies on the incidence and prevalence of tongue thrust behaviors are not available.
Tongue clinical guide to oral diseases wiley online library. The tongue features associated with chronic kidney disease. The top of the tongue is the main breeding ground for bacteria that attack the teeth and gums. Thousands of new, highquality pictures added every day. On the other hand, some lesions have a strong preference for occurrence on the tongue or may be even limited to the tongue. To increase tongue base retraction and pressure during the pharyngeal phase of the swallow and reduce the amount of food residue in the valleculae of the throat. Bluetongue is also known as sore muzzle, malarial catarrhal fever, 4epizootic catarrh, beksiekte, and muzzle disease. Orofacial myofunctional disorders omd sometimes called oral myofunctional disorder, and tongue thrust are muscle disorders of the face, mouth, lips, or jaw due to chronic mouth breathing recent studies on the incidence and prevalence of tongue thrust behaviors are not available. When something is wrong with the tongue, it might swell, change color or texture, or cause other symptoms. Omds also encompass nonnutritive sucking behaviors like thumb andor digit sucking, cheek see the orofacial myofunctional disorders evidence map for summaries of the available research on this topic. Pdf tongue coating in patients with gastrointestinal and. The tongue is the most important muscular organ of the oral cavity as it contributes in the basic human functions of taste, chewing, swallowing, and speaking.
Atrophic glossitis is a condition characterised by absence of filiform or fungiform papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue. The status of the tongue is considered an indicator of systemic health and disease 1. Disease, gingiva, nonneoplastic, pyogenic granuloma, tongue access this article online. Fissured tongue cleveland clinic journal of medicine. Thus tongue can be characterized with different measures. For example, oral thrush is usually treated with an antifungal medication, often in liquid form. The tongue in clinical diagnosis rogers 2004 journal. These papillae have a mechanical abrasive function. Inherited or congenital disorders associated with macroglossia include down syndrome, beckwithwiedemann syndrome, primary amyloidosis, and congenital hypothyroidism. The tongue is a complex organ involved in speech and expression as well as in gustation, mastication, and deglutition. Common mouth problems include cold sores, canker sores, thrush, dry mouth, and. The oral cavity, along with the tongue, are sites of neoplasms, reactive processes, and infections, and may be a harbinger of systemic diseases.
The tongue coating is continuously formed and is removed by. The disease is called bluetongue because the tongue can appear blue. For in terms of spiritual anatomy, the tongue is directly wed to the heart, and it is the heart that motivates and manipulates the tongue for good or evil, to bless or curse. A 43yearold man presented with halitosis and deep fissures on his tongue.
The tongue body is also swollen which indicates the presence of phlegm. Considering the accompanied burning pain, taste dysfunction, and. Tongue diagnosis introduction tongue is generally known as. Tongue diagnosis in chinese medicine by giovanni maciocia. Greek physicians like hippocrates and galen considered different characteristics of the tongue to be an important indicator of health and diseases. Candidiasis, hyperplastic hairy leukoplakia leukoplakia true lichen planus morsicatio pachyonychia congenita syphilis, second stage white sponge nevus figure 2. Tongue clinical guide to oral diseases wiley online.
Physical injuries and chemical or plant poisoning are reported to occur in occasional incidences. Because of the close relationship between the pancreas and spleen the spleen belongs to the lymphorgans the sp meridian reflects this problem. A variety of diseases and disorders can affect the tongue including infections, injuries, chronic irritation, abnormal tissue growth and congenital conditions. The lips and tongue may be very swollen, causing the tongue. Indeed you are better off, in one sense, kissing a dog like my great dane saman. Common tongue conditions in primary care american family. Nov, 2020 the tongue plays an invaluable role in numerous physiological processes. The patient was a nonsmoker and was treated with brushing his tongue three times a day and a two week course of a topical antifungal medication, nystatin.
These papillae do not contain taste buds this condition can be caused by poor oral hygiene, chronic oral irritation or smoking. These signs not only reveal overall states of health but they also correlate to specific organ functions and disharmonies, especially in the digestive. We investigated if there is dependence between tongue coating and health. It is considered a pillar of diagnosis because it provides clearly visible clues to a patients pattern of disease. Jul 01, 2016 the tongue is a complex organ involved in speech and expression as well as in gustation, mastication, and deglutition. For language access assistance, contact the ncats public information officer.
In this chapter, the emphasis is on the latter group of diseases. A type of yeast infection, thrush leads to the development of bumpy white patches on the tongue. Healthy tongue is free of any discomfort such as pain, stinging, burning, swelling or numbness. By examining the tongue of a patient, the physician diagnoses the diseases of the body. Macroglossia genetic and rare diseases information. Geographic tongue genetic and rare diseases information. On the other hand, some lesions have a strong preference for. The white blood cells from another persons saliva will attack once inside your mouth.
A treatise on the diseases of the tongue with plates get this book. Genetic and rare diseases information center gard po box 8126, gaithersburg, md 208988126 tollfree. Verrucous lesion, bilateral, on the border of the tongue, being caused by morsicatio. However, the most likely pattern is that of liverblood stasis. Fibrosis of the tongue and the floor of the mouth interfere with tongue movement. Signs of bluetongue include fever, excessive salivation, depression, and difficulty breathing. Oral hairy leukoplakia seen in people with immunosuppression, caused by epsteinbarr virus oral candidiasis can affect the tongue. Bluetongue overview bluetongue virus the organism in today. Some diseases are suspected for causing increased levels of tongue coating 3, 5,9. Theoralcavityandthe tongueare sitesofneoplasms,reactive processes, and infections and may be a harbinger of systemic diseases. Acquired causes may include trauma, cancer, endocrine disorders, and inflammatory or infectious diseases. The tuberculum impar soon disappears posterior one third. Sep 16, 2015 the tongue may protrude from the mouth. However, the molecular basis of the tissuetissue interactions that ensure tissue morphogenesis to form a functional tongue remains largely.
Bmg is often asymptomatic, with up to 1 in 4 individuals experiencingburningpainorsensitivitytofoods. In this case, the tongue colour is consistent over the whole tongue so we cannot determine from the tongue alone where the blood stasis is located. Orofacial myofunctional disorders omd sometimes called oral myofunctional disorder, and tongue thrust are muscle disorders of the face, mouth, lips, or jaw due to chronic mouth breathing. A third patient with a hairy tongue on the posterior midline portion of the tongue. Since the tongue always reflects the basic, underlying pattern, it is extremely reliable, especially whenever there are. Almost all lesions and diseases that may affect the oral mucosa may also occur on the tongue. We paid an attention on the coating of the tongue knowing the sentence that the tongue is a mirror of the body and its physiological role as the first part of the gastrointestinal tract.
Martyr, church father and apologist, wrote, by examining the tongue of a patient, physicians find out the diseases of the body. The tongue may be affected as part of oral disease or as a signs of systemic diseases. Mange mites, fleas, ticks, lice and oestrus ovis are the major ectoparasites infesting small ruminants in the region. Common diseases and health problems in sheep and goats as595w restricting traffic in and out of a facility can reduce the potential introduction of pathogenic agents. Diseases of the tongue case b88090 hereford cow with a low grade fever.
This is a relatively rare condition whose appearance is due to the elongation of filiform papillae. Affected animals do not want to walk because their feet are sore. Animals may have nasal discharge and reddened and ulcerated muzzle, lips, and ears. Because of these factors, disorders associated with the tongue tend not to go unnoticed. Glossitis some types of glossitis are caused by infections, e. A selection of both categories will be discussed, emphasizing the diagnostic and management aspects. Mar 28, 2016 if you have problems viewing pdf files, download the latest version of adobe reader.
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